Iconicity Atlas
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Language (dialect):
 
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Instructions:

  • Please read the instruction and the questions carefully;
  • Abbreviations int., n. and v. stand for interjection (e.g., ha-ha), noun (e.g., laughter) and verb (e.g., laugh) respectively;
  • If your language has ideophones[*]Ideophone is ‘a vivid representation of an idea in sound; a word, often onomatopoeic, which describes a predicate, qualificative or adverb in respect to manner, color, sound, smell, action, state or intensity’ (Doke 1935)., please enter them under interjection, adding (id.) in parentheses;
  • Your answers should NOT be a direct translation of the name of the concept given in the first column – the name of the concept is just an umbrella term for a group of words related by meaning (e.g., under LAUGH English giggle, guffaw, snigger etc. are grouped);
  • There may be more than one answer possible (e.g., for the concept LAUGH you may enter (int.) ha-ha, ho-ho, (n.) laughter, giggle, snigger etc. separated by commas);
  • It is possible that your language may not contain words denoting all the listed concepts, or the concepts might not be expressed by certain parts of speech (most probably, there would be no interjection); in this case, please, indicate the absence of a word by a dash ‘—’;
  • One word can define several concepts (e.g., English cry is used to denote two concepts – WHEEP and SHOUT);
  • You are most welcome to give your own comments on the usage or origin of the words in the section ‘Comments’.
  • If your language uses an alphabet other than Latin or other writing systems (e.g. hieroglyphs), please provide a transcription. If you have never transcribed the words in your language and/or not sure how to do the transcription, provide only the written form of the word.



N Name of iconic concept Question(s) Answer(s) Comments
51. MURMUR
grumble 		How do you imitate a continuous low indistinct sound, as of distant voices? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
52. OINK
pig 		How do you imitate the grunt of a pig? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
53. POP
cork, popcorn 		How do you imitate a light sharp explosive sound (e.g., of a champagne cork or popcorn)? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)? Please, specify the source of the sound in the Comments section.
int.
n.
v.
54. POULTRY
hen, rooster 		How do you imitate a low clicking sound made by a hen, rooster, turkey or any similar domestic bird found in your area? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)? Please, specify the bird in the Comments section.
int.
n.
v.
55. PSHIT
spray 		How do you imitate a hissing sound made by a spray bottle or a sound of the air coming out of a punctured bicycle tyre? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)? Please, specify the source of the sound in the Comments section.
int.
n.
v.
56. RAIN
drops, rustle 		How do you imitate the sounds of the rain) both the gentle rustling and the sound of the raindrops)? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)? Please, specify the source of the sound in the comments.
int.
n.
v.
57. RATTLE
stones 		How do you imitate a rapid succession of short, sharp, percussive sounds, as of a baby’s toy consisting of a container filled with small pellets, which rattles when shaken? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
58. RIBBIT
frog, toad 		How do you imitate a low, hoarse cry of frogs or toads? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
59. RING
telephone 		How do you imitate a clear, resonant or vibrating sound of a doorbell, a bicycle bell, or an old-fashioned telephone? How do you name such sound(s)? How do you name the action of producing such sound(s)?
int.
n.
v.
60. RIP
tear 		How do you name an act of ripping or tearing apart in a rough or vigorous manner (e.g., paper or a cloth)? How do you name sound(s) accompanying it?
int.
n.
v.























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